Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical hormone-based mood disorder with symptoms arising during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsiding within a few days of menstruation. Symptoms of PMDD often mimic those of other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, or borderline personality disorder. In PMDD, symptoms and traits that overlap with these disorders only occur between ovulation and menstruation. Many people with periods or providers might miss the connection between mood shifts and menstruation due to the double stigma that exists; that being the stigma of mental health care and menstruation.
Symptoms of PMDD can vary but often include:
Mood and emotional changes such as mood swings, increased sensitivity to rejection, or feeling suddenly sad. *
Irritability, anger, and increased interpersonal conflicts. *
Depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, and feeling worthless or guilty. *
Anxiety, tension, or feelings of being on edge. *
Decreased interest in usual activities.
Difficulty concentrating, focusing, or thinking; brain fog.
Extreme fatigue, tiredness, or having low-energy.
Changes in appetite, food cravings, or overeating.
Hypersomnia or Insomnia.
Feeling overwhelmed of out of control.
Suicidal thoughts or feelings of hopelessness.
Physical symptoms such as joint or muscle pain, bloating, weight gain, or breast tenderness.
A diagnosis of PMDD requires at least five of these symptoms over the span of three or more months, one of which must be a core emotional symptom (*indicated with an asterisk above).
You might be wondering what the difference between PMDD and PMS is; the biggest difference between the two is the severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms.
There is a considerable amount of overlap in the symptoms between PMS and PMDD; the manifestations of PMDD are of much greater intensity. The time frame in which symptoms occur, amount of symptoms, and the impact on quality of life are also taken into account when diagnosing. PMDD symptoms regularly interrupt regular functioning and impact work, school, and/or relationships.
Managing PMDD Symptoms
Living with PMDD is challenging, so how do we live with it?
Plan ahead; know when your luteal phase will come so we can plan coping skills and resources for an increase in symptoms.
Create a wellness toolkit; Include all the self-care things you need to combat symptoms.
Practice stress management
Quality sleep; rest and recharge your body.
Track your periods and the various phases of your cycle. You could consider using a paper calendar or one of many smart phone apps dedicated to tracking menstruation and symptoms.
Practice mindfulness and be aware of your day to day symptoms.
Eat nutrient rich foods and diversify meals.
Incorporate movement or exercise into each day.
Ask for help; whether you ask your social support network or a professional asking for help is important in managing symptoms.
Risk factors for PMDD:
PMDD impacts women or people assigned female at birth (AFAB) of reproductive age.
Anxiety or depression.
Personal history of trauma or other highly stressful events.
Family history of PMS, PMDD, or mood disorders.
Being diagnosed with Autism or ADHD; research shows that rates of PMDD are higher in neurodivergent populations.
Certain lifestyle choices.
The exact cause of PMDD is unknown, but it is known to be a reaction to the hormonal changes in the body that occur with menstruation.
When to seek additional support:
Symptoms of PMDD can be challenging and debilitating, if you feel ready to explore the root of your symptoms and find real solutions therapy is a great place to start. If you are facing symptoms that align with those listed here, consulting a mental health professional is advisable. A therapist can offer tailored interventions for PMDD and support you in managing these symptoms and improve your quality of life. Additionally, a mental health professional can address other elements of your mental health that might be contributing to these symptoms. Understanding your symptoms and what causes them is a powerful step in managing them.
At Balanced Minds Psychology & Wellness we specialize in assisting individuals navigating life’s challenges. To learn more about me and the services I provide, checkout my profile. If you are ready to start the therapy process, contact us today to start a free consultation.
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